聊到錢,很多人多少會有點避諱,畢竟這類話題有時候比較敏感。不過生活裡難免還是會遇到需要談到借錢、還錢、欠款或債務的時候,一旦真的要開口,往往才發現不知道英文該怎麼說才自然。
其實,和金錢債務、借還相關的英文說法很常出現在日常生活中,而且不同情境常會用到不同的字。
這篇文章就整理了幾個生活中相對常見,和金錢債務與借還有關的實用單字,搭配例句一起學,記起來會更輕鬆。
一起來學習吧!
debt:債務
這是最常見的說法,發音是 [det],注意 b 不發音,很多人會卡在這裡。
常見用法:
- 處於負債狀態:be in debt
- 欠下債務:get into debt
- 形容詞形式:indebted(負債的)
例如:be indebted to someone for an amount
反義詞是 asset(資產),這兩個放在一起記更有效率。
She’s been in debt since she quit her job last year.
(她從去年辭職後就一直負債。)
He got into debt trying to launch his own restaurant.
(他為了開餐廳搞得負債累累。)
I’m indebted to my sister for $5,000 after the medical emergency.
(緊急就醫後,我欠了姐姐五千美元。)
owe:欠(債)、欠人情
owe 是動詞,意思是「欠」。可以接金額,也可以接人,用法很靈活。
常見用法:
- owe+金額
- owe +人+金額
- owe 金額 to 人
除了錢,也可以用來表達欠人情。像是 I owe you one. 這句在日常生活裡很好用,意思是「我欠你一個人情」。
I still owe Jason $300 from the trip we took last summer.
(我還欠 Jason 上個夏天旅行時的 300 美元。)
She owed her landlord two months of rent and was afraid to answer the door.
(她欠了房東兩個月房租,連開門都不太敢。)
You covered my bill last time—I owe you one.
(上次你幫我付了帳——我欠你一個人情。)
borrow money:借錢
borrow 是「借入」,money 是「錢」,合在一起就是「借錢」這個動作。
常見用法:
- borrow money
- borrow [金額] from [人]
如果一時想不起其他說法,用這個通常不會錯。
She borrowed money from her coworker to get through the week before payday.
(她向同事借錢,撐過發薪日前的那段時間。)
He borrowed $2,000 from his uncle to fix his car.
(他向叔叔借了兩千美元修車。)
loan:貸款
loan 指的是「貸款」,通常是向銀行或金融機構借款,通常會涉及利息或手續費。
常見搭配:
- 辦理貸款:take out a loan
- 申請貸款:apply for a loan
- 向某機構取得貸款:get a loan from [機構]
She took out a loan to pay for her graduate school tuition.
(她辦了貸款來支付研究所學費。)
He’s planning to apply for a small business loan next quarter.
(他打算下季申請小企業貸款。)
They got a loan from a credit union to remodel the kitchen.
(他們向信用合作社借款來翻修廚房。)
obligation:義務、責任
obligation 的主要意思是「義務、責任」。在金融語境裡,它常出現在正式文件或債券名稱中,例如 general obligation bond(一般義務債券)。
日常也可以這樣說:
have an obligation to pay off one’s debt
(有義務清償債務)
Every borrower has an obligation to repay what they owe on time.
(每個借款人都有義務按時償還欠款。)
The city issued general obligation bonds to upgrade its public transit system.
(市政府發行了一般義務債券,用於升級大眾運輸系統。)
債務相關的 6 個延伸表達
償還債務
常見有這幾種說法:
- pay back one’s debt
- repay one’s debt
- pay off one’s debt(完全清償)
He worked two jobs for three years and finally paid back every cent he owed.
(他打了三年雙份工,終於還清了每一分錢。)
It took her a decade, but she repaid all her student debt without any help.
(她花了十年,完全靠自己還清了所有學貸。)
債台高築
要表達債務不斷累積,可以用這麼說:
- 累積債務:run up debt
- 債務攀升:one’s debt keeps growing 、debt piles up
He ran up debt buying equipment for a business that never took off.
(他為了一個始終沒起色的生意添購設備,結果欠了一堆債。)
If you only pay the minimum on your credit card, your debt can pile up faster than you think.
(如果你只繳信用卡最低應繳金額,債務會累積得比你想像中還快。)
利息
英文是 interest。和「感興趣」的 interest 屬於同字異意,要分清楚。
The personal loan comes with a 12% annual interest rate.
(這筆個人貸款的年利率是 12%。)
If you pay off the balance early, you can avoid paying extra interest.
(如果你提前還清餘額,就能避免支付額外的利息。)
分期付款
英文是 installment payment,動詞則常說:pay in installments 或 pay by installments
The store lets you split the total into 12 installment payments with no fee.
(這家店讓你免手續費分成 12 期付款。)
She decided to pay for the furniture in installments instead of draining her savings.
(她決定分期付款買家具,而不是一口氣掏空存款。
催收
催收債務叫 collect debts,負責催收的人叫 debt collector。
The agency was hired to collect debts from customers who hadn’t paid in over 90 days.
(這家機構受聘向逾期超過 90 天未付款的客戶催收欠款。)
Receiving a call from a debt collector is stressful, even if the amount isn’t that large.
(接到催收電話壓力很大,就算金額不大也一樣。)
高利貸
放高利貸的人或機構叫 loan shark。shark 是鯊魚,這個詞本身就帶有危險、剝削的感覺。
Desperate for cash, he turned to a loan shark and ended up owing three times what he borrowed.
(因為急需現金,他去找了地下錢莊,結果最後欠下三倍的債。)
There are documentaries exposing how loan sharks target people who are already struggling financially.
(有紀錄片揭露高利貸如何專門鎖定已經陷入財務困境的人。)
總結
看完之後覺得怎麼樣呢?
這些詞其實不難,但用法上的細節差異很大。debt 是負債狀態,owe 是欠的動作,loan 多半指向機構借款,而 borrow money 則是最萬用、最直覺的說法。
再搭配催收、利息、分期付款這些延伸詞一起記,日常和金融相關的英文表達,基本上就很夠用了。
下次聊到相關話題時,就不用擔心不知道該怎麼說了。
















