我們說話時,常需要解釋「為什麼」,也會需要說明「所以……」。
比如你可能會說「我遲到是因為塞車」;「因為下雨,所以活動取消了」。
若是用英文表達「因為」跟「所以」,第一個想到的單字會是什麼呢?
英文裡面其實有很多字都可以用來表示「原因」跟「結果」。
有些詞可以互相替換,有些詞則要在特定場合使用才合適。學會多種說法,你的英文會聽起來更自然,寫作也會更有邏輯。
我今天整理了各種「原因」與「結果」的常見用法。千萬別錯過囉。
目次
because
大家最熟悉的英文單詞一定就是 because。
這個字是連接詞,後面要接一個完整的子句,也就是「主詞加動詞」的結構。
I stayed home because I was not feeling well.
(我待在家裡,因為我身體不舒服。)
She missed the bus because she woke up late.
(她錯過了公車,因為她起床晚了。)
We canceled the picnic because it started raining.
(我們取消了野餐,因為開始下雨了。)
because of
because of 的用法跟 because 不一樣,它是介系詞片語,後面通常接名詞、代名詞或名詞片語,而不是完整子句。
The flight was delayed because of the storm.
(班機延誤了,因為暴風雨。)
He could not attend the meeting because of a family emergency.
(他無法出席會議,因為家裡有急事。)
The road was closed because of construction work.
(這條路因為施工而封閉。)
due to
due to 也是介系詞,意思跟 because of 很接近,但是語氣比較正式,常出現在書面或官方文件中。
The event was postponed due to bad weather.
(這場活動因為天氣不佳而延期。)
Due to high demand, tickets sold out within an hour.
(由於需求量太大,門票在一小時內就賣完了。)
The store is closed today due to renovation.
(這間店今天因為裝修而休息。)
owing to
owing to 的意思與 because of、due to 接近,但語氣較正式、書面感較強,在日常口語中相對少見。
Owing to a technical issue, the website is temporarily unavailable.
(由於技術問題,網站暫時無法使用。)
The project was delayed owing to a shortage of materials.
(這項專案因為材料短缺而延遲。)
Owing to the pandemic, many events were held online.
(由於疫情的緣故,許多活動都改成線上舉行。)
since / as
since 和 as 都可以當連接詞表示原因,意思接近「因為、由於」;其中 since 在某些語境中也帶有「既然」的語氣。
Since you’re already here, let’s start the meeting.
(既然你已經到了,我們就開始開會吧。)
As it was getting late, we decided to go home.
(由於時間已經晚了,我們決定回家。)
Since the manager was on leave, the report was submitted late.
(由於經理正在休假,報告延遲提交。)
so
so 是最常見用來表示「結果」的連接詞,用來連接前面的原因跟後面的結果,語氣比較口語。
It was raining, so we stayed indoors.
(因為在下雨,所以我們待在室內。)
I was tired, so I went to bed early.
(我很累,所以我早早就睡了。)
The store was closed, so we went somewhere else.
(那間店關門了,所以我們去了別的地方。)
therefore
therefore 也是用來表示「結果」,但語氣比 so 正式許多,常出現在書面報告或正式演講中。它前面通常會加上分號或句號,而不是逗號。
The results were inconclusive; therefore, further research is needed.
(結果並不確定,因此需要進一步的研究。)
Sales have increased steadily. Therefore, we plan to expand the team.
(銷售額持續成長,因此我們計畫擴大團隊。)
The client did not sign the contract; therefore, the deal fell through.
(客戶沒有簽署合約,因此這筆交易告吹了。)
as a result
as a result 的意思是「因此」或「結果」,常放在句首承接前文,說明前面事件所造成的結果。加上 of 形成 as a result of 後,則可以接名詞或名詞片語,表示「由於……」。
He did not study for the exam. As a result, he failed.
(他沒有準備考試,結果考試不及格。)
As a result of the merger, hundreds of jobs were lost.
(由於這場合併,數百個工作機會消失了。)
The bridge was damaged. As a result, traffic was rerouted.
(橋梁受損了,因此交通改道了。)
其他與「因果」相關的英文表達
除了上面這些,還有幾個表示原因與結果的片語也非常實用。
consequently
這個字的意思是「因此」,語氣正式,常用來承接前面提到的原因,說明接下來自然發生的結果。
The company lost a major client. Consequently, profits dropped sharply.
(公司失去了一個重要客戶,因此利潤大幅下滑。)
thus
thus 的意思也是「因此」,比 so 更正式,常出現在學術寫作或分析性文章中。
The data was incomplete, and thus the conclusion remains uncertain.
(資料並不完整,因此這個結論仍然不確定。)
that is why
that is why 用來直接指出前面提到的內容就是後面事情發生的原因,語氣直接而口語化。
I forgot my umbrella. That is why I got soaked in the rain.
(我忘了帶傘,這就是為什麼我被雨淋濕的原因。)
結語
我看過很多人在寫英文或口說時,通篇只會一直用 because 跟 so。
其實只要根據場合換一種說法,邏輯感跟正式度就會完全不同。下次就挑選最適合情境的詞彙來用用看吧。
















